Robert Fitzsimmons
Signing the natural resources transfer agreement
Karl Clark at Bitumount
  • Karl Clark at work on his prototype separation plant, 1929, Source: Glenbow Archives, ND-3-4596a

    Karl Clark begins his long career investigating Alberta’s oil sands.

    Karl Clark at work on his prototype separation plant, 1929
    Source: Glenbow Archives, ND-3-4596a

  • Robert Fitzsimmons at Bitumount, ca. 1920s, Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A3358

    Robert Cosmas Fitzsimmons visits the Athabasca River and purchases an oil lease.

    Robert Fitzsimmons at Bitumount, ca. 1920s
    Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A3358

  • Oil sands separation plant at Dunvegan Yards, Edmonton, 1925, Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A3526

    Karl Clark and Sidney Blair build prototype hot water separation plants.

    Oil sands separation plant at Dunvegan Yards, Edmonton, 1925
    Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A3526

  • Prospectus for the International Bitumen Company, n.d., Source:	Provincial Archives of Alberta, PR1971.0356.544a,b.ProspectusOf.IBC.1

    International Bitumen Company Ltd. is incorporated.

    Prospectus for the International Bitumen Company Ltd., n.d.
    Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, PR1971.0356.544a,b.ProspectusOf.IBC.1

  • Oil sands separation plant on the Clearwater River, 1930, Source:	Provincial Archives of Alberta, A3536

    Karl Clark’s hot water separation plant moves to the Clearwater River, near Fort McMurray.

    Oil sands separation plant on the Clearwater River, 1930
    Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A3536

  • Diagram of the process patented by Clark in 1929, Source: Canadian Intellectual Property Office, Patent 289058

    Karl Clark is issued Patent 289058 for “Bituminuous [sic] Sand Processing”.

    Diagram of the process patented by Clark in 1929
    Source: Canadian Intellectual Property Office, Patent 289058

  • Fitzsimmons' separation plant, Bitumount, ca. 1930, Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A3383

    Robert Fitzsimmons builds his first separation plant at Bitumount.

    Fitzsimmons’s separation plant, Bitumount, ca. 1930
    Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A3383

  • New plant at Bitumount, n.d., Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A3378

    Robert Fitzsimmons builds a new plant designed to produce 200 barrels of oil per day, but it runs for only a short while.

    New plant at Bitumount, n.d.
    Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A3378

  • Diagram of Fitzsimmons' patented separation process, 1932, Source:	Canadian Intellectual Property Office, Patent 326747

    Robert Fitzsimmons is issued Patent 326747 for a “Process and Apparatus for Recovering Bitumen.”

    Diagram of Fitzsimmons’s patented separation process, 1932
    Source: Canadian Intellectual Property Office, Patent 326747

  • The International Bitumen Company plant, Bitumount, ca. 1937, Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, PAA A3375

    Robert Fitzsimmons builds a refinery at Bitumount.

    The International Bitumen Company Ltd. plant, Bitumount, ca. 1937
    Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, PAA A3375

  • Fitzsimmons (left) shows Champion the oil sands at Bitumount, n.d., Source: University of Alberta Archives, 83-160-113

    Montreal financier Lloyd R. Champion buys controlling interest in International Bitumen Company Ltd. and changes name to Oil Sands Ltd.

    Fitzsimmons (left) shows Champion the oil sands at Bitumount, n.d.
    Source: University of Alberta Archives, 83-160-113

  • Ernest Manning in 1943, Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A483

    Ernest Manning, Premier of Alberta, announces a loan of $250,000 to Oil Sands Ltd. to build a prototype oil sands separation plant at Bitumount.

    Ernest Manning in 1943
    Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, A483

  • Alberta Government Oil Sands Project, Bitumount, 1952, Source: University of Alberta Archives, 91-137-127

    Agreement with Oil Sands Ltd. is cancelled. The Bitumount project becomes known as the Alberta Government Oil Sands Project.

    Alberta Government Oil Sands Project, Bitumount, 1952
    Source: University of Alberta Archives, 91-137-127

  • Diagram of process patented by Clark in 1948, Source: Canadian Intellectual Property Office, Patent 448231

    Karl Clark is issued Patent 448231 for “Extracting Oil from Bituminous Sand.”

    Diagram of process patented by Clark in 1948
    Source: Canadian Intellectual Property Office, Patent 448231

  • Karl Clark at the completed Bitumount plant, n.d., Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, PA410.3

    Alberta Government Oil Sands Project plant at Bitumount is completed.

    Karl Clark at the completed Bitumount plant, n.d.
    Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, PA410.3

  • Cover of Blair's Report on the Alberta Bituminous Sands, 1950, Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, PR1971.0345.box24.503

    Blair Report indicates that developing the oils sands could be profitable.

    Cover of Sidney Blair’s Report on the Alberta Bituminous Sands, 1950
    Source: Provincial Archives of Alberta, PR1971.0345.box24.503

  • Poster on the University of Alberta Campus, 1951, Source: University of Alberta Archives, 91-137-122

    Over one hundred delegates attend the Athabasca Oil Sands Conference at the University of Alberta.

    Poster on the University of Alberta Campus, 1951
    Source: University of Alberta Archives, 91-137-122

  • Bitumount, ca. 1949-1950, Source: Glenbow Archives, pa-1599-451-2

    Government of Alberta puts the Bitumount plant and 5,784 acres up for sale, but does not receive any adequate bids. The plant remains non-operational.

    Bitumount, ca. 1949-1950
    Source: Glenbow Archives, pa-1599-451-2

  • Diagram of Fitzsimmons’ patented 1953 separation process, Source: Canadian Intellectual Property Office, Patent 493081

    Robert Fitzsimmons is issued Patent 493081 for a “Process for Recovering Bitumen from Tar Sands.”

    Diagram of Fitzsimmons’s patented 1953 separation process
    Source: Canadian Intellectual Property Office, Patent 493081

  • The Bitumount site became overgrown in the years following its abandonment. Source: Historic Resources Management, DSC_1720

    Bitumount plant is sold, but no significant development occurs and it is finally abandoned in 1958.

    The Bitumount site became overgrown in the years following its abandonment.
    Source: Historic Resources Management, DSC_1720

  • Sign at the Bitumount site, 1980s, Source: Historic Resources Management, DSC_5896

    Bitumount is designated a Provincial Historic Resource.

    Sign at the Bitumount site, 1980s
    Source: Historic Resources Management, DSC_5896

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Students

After 1945, the Research Council of Alberta (RCA) was assigned two roles at Bitumount: 1) to provide advice relating to the design of the plant and 2) to monitor and analyse the processes being tested in the plant, once it was in production. In order to accomplish the second function, Karl Clark and David Pasternack installed a laboratory in July 1947. They intended that university students would work in the lab.

The 1948 annual report of the RCA shows that D. R. Craig, J. J. Eatock, R. W. Edgecombe, F. Friesen and P. Leonidas were hired as assistant engineers to work on the oil sands from May 10 to September 4. In December of that year, Clark noted:

It was the expectation that the plant would have been completed last spring or early summer and would have been in operation for the rest of the season. In accordance with this expectation, the Research Council engaged a laboratory staff of six Chemical Engineering students for the inter varsity period of four and a half months. It was understood that the students would assist in the general work of construction until the plant went into operation. Because of the fire and other delays the attempt to start operations was not made until after the students had returned to the university for the fall term. So far there has been almost no opportunity to use the laboratory for plant purposes. However, some work has been done in it mainly to be sure that it is in proper order for functioning.

The following summer the plant was put into operation, and the RCA hired J. Basaraba and B. H. Rosenbaum as assistant chemical engineers, and G. A. Pengelly, M. Worsley, L. Smitten and S. Romanchuk as assistant chemists, from mid-May to September 24.

The 1949 annual report noted that the RCA “provided a laboratory staff of six student engineers and chemists working under the supervision of a member of the permanent staff. The laboratory made the routine analyses required for plant operation and collected all data that there were opportunity to get on plant performance.” Clark noted that for the month of September, the lab staff worked in shifts around the clock, with practically no time off.

Since students were eager for employment experience, had relatively few family responsibilities, and could tolerate a summer of isolation, it seems that in contrast to other jobs at Bitumount, sufficient qualified employees could be found to work in the laboratory. The students did thousands of tests in the course of the season. Their work made a significant contribution to the success of the project, as data gathered in the lab helped to show what the plant could do.

In this Section

Tom Morimoto

Tom Morimoto (1918 - ) was born in Edmonton, but lived in McMurray (later Fort McMurray).

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